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10.5.5.2 Component if

In a component an illegal can be used as an imperative statement in the branch of an if as any other imperative statement (See Component illegal). 

if ::= ("if" "(" bool-expression ")" then-statement)
         | ("if" "(" bool-expression ")" then-statement
            "else" else-statement)
then-statement := imperative-statement | illegal
else-statement := imperative-statement | illegal

For example: 

if (error) illegal;

Since 2.14.0, one typed action or typed call may be used in an if-expression.

Since 2.16.0, arbitrarily complex expressions may be used.

For example: 

if (r.bool_event ()) …;
if (!r.bool_event ()) …;
if (!r.bool_event () && b) …;
if (r.enum_event () == result.FALSE) …;
if (r.enum_event () != result.TRUE || b) …;
if (bool_function ()) …;
if (!bool_function ()) …;
if (!bool_function () && b) …;
if (enum_function () == result.TRUE) …;
if (enum_function () != result.ERROR || b) …;